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Product Details:
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Package: | 30 Tests/box | Specificity: | 100% |
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Sensitivity: | 100% |
One-Step Influenza A Test
Cat. No.: RH0210A
INTENDED USE
One Step Influenza A Test is a rapid qualitative assay that detects influenza type A (including the subtype H1N1) nucleoprotein antigen extracted from the nasal swab specimen. The device is used to aid in the diagnosis of influenza type A infection.
For in vitro diagnostic use only. For professional use only.
SUMMARY
Influenza (commonly known as ‘flu’) is a highly contagious, acute viral infection of the respiratory tract. It is a communicable disease that is easily transmitted through the coughing and sneezing of aerosolized droplets containing live virus. Influenza outbreaks occur each year during the autumn and winter months. There are three types of influenza viruses: A, B, and C. Only influenza A viruses are further classified by subtype on the basis of the two main surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Influenza A subtypes and B viruses are further classified by strains.
Humans can be infected with influenza types A, B, and C viruses. Subtypes of influenza A that are currently circulating among people worldwide include H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses. Influenza B viruses can cause morbidity and mortality among humans, but in general are associated with less severe epidemics than influenza A viruses. Although influenza type B viruses can cause human epidemics, they have not caused pandemics. Influenza type C viruses cause mild illness in humans and do not cause epidemics or pandemics.
PRINCIPLE
One Step Influenza A Test is a rapid immunochromatographic test for the visual detection of influenza type A antigen (nucleoprotein) extracted from the nasal swab specimen. The test adopts double antibody sandwich method.
When the extracted specimen is added into the test device, the specimen is absorbed into the device by capillary action, mixes with antibody-dye conjugate, and flows across the membrane pre-coated with influenza type A monoclonal antibody.
When the influenza type A antigen levels are at or above the target cutoff (the detection limit of the test), type A antigen in the specimen binds to the specific antibody-dye conjugate and are captured by influenza type A monoclonal antibody immobilized in the relative site of test region “T” of the device. This produces a colored test band in the test region. When the influenza type A antigen levels are zero or below the target cut off, there is not a visible colored band in the test region of the device. This indicates a negative result for influenza type A.
To serve as a procedure control, a colored line will appear at the control region (C), if the test has been performed properly.
PRECAUTIONS
MATERIAL
Material provided
1.20 Individual sealed pouches, each containing
Test device
Desiccant pouch
2. 20 Extraction tubes.
3.20 Nasal swabs.
4. Two dropper bottles of extraction buffer (each 5mL): 0.1M phosphate buffer saline (PBS).
5. Leaflet with instructions for use.
Material Required But Not Provided
Timer
STORAGE AND STABILITY
SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PREPARATION
1.Take out the nasal swab provided. Tilt the head of the patient backwards to the angle of 70° and gently insert the nasal swab into the nostril which shows the most secretion.
2.Very gently rotate and push the swab until resistance is met at level of the turbinate. Gently rotate the swab against the nasal wall for a few times.
3.Patient samples perform best if tested immediately after collection.
If immediate testing is not possible, the swab should be placed in a dry, sterile plastic tube (not provided) and stored at 2ºC-4ºC for up to 8 hours.
TEST PROCEDURE
Allow the test device, specimen, and extraction buffer to equilibrate to room temperature (10°C ~30°C) prior to testing.
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
Positive (+)
Colored bands are visible in both the control region and the test region. It indicates a positive result for influenza type A antigen.
Negative (-)
A colored band is visible only in the control region. No color band appears in the test region. It indicates that the concentration of the influenza type A antigen is zero or below the detection limit of the test.
Invalid
No visible band at all, or there is a visible band only in the test region but not in the control region. Repeat with a new test kit. I
Note: There is no meaning attributed to line color intensity or width.
QUALITY CONTROL
A procedural control is included in the test. A colored line appearing in the control region (C) is considered an internal procedural control. It confirms sufficient specimen volume, adequate membrane wicking and correct procedural technique.
Good laboratory practice recommends the use of the control materials. Users should follow the appropriate federal state, and local guidelines concerning the frequency of assaying external quality control materials.
LIMITATIONS OF PROCEDURE
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
The lowest detectable limit
For influenza type A : 5.1×105TCID50/ml
Accuracy
A comparison study of One Step Influenza A Test and another commercial influenza test (Colloidal gold method) was carried out in several medical institutions. Nasal swab samples were collected from adult and child patients exhibiting influenza-like symptoms. One swab was used to perform the One Step Influenza A Test and one swab was used for another commercial influenza test analysis.
Compare the sensitivity and specificity between the two tests. The results are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Comparison results
One Step Influenza A Test | The reference test | Total | |
Influenza A positive | Influenza A negative | ||
Influenza A positive | 284 | 37 | 321 |
Influenza A negative | 27 | 745 | 772 |
Total | 311 | 782 | 1093 |
(1) Sensitivity of One Step Influenza A Test is: 284/311×100%=91.3%
(2) Specificity of One Step Influenza A Test is: 745/782×100%=95.7%
Analytical reactivity
One Step Influenza A Test was tested with the following influenza A viral strains listed in Table 2. All showed positive results. Although the specific influenza A strains causing infection in humans can vary year to year, all contain the conserved nucleoproteins targeted by the One Step Influenza A Test.
Table 2: Influenza A viral trains
Influenza type A |
A/14160 (H1N1) |
A/MEN30(H1N1) |
A/22130(H1N1) |
A/2361(H1N1) |
A/44045 (H3N2) |
A/924 (H3N2) |
H3/05-349 |
A/Beijing/302/54 (H5N1) |
A/swine/Guangdong/2/01(H1N1) |
Cross-reactivity
To determine the analytical specificity (cross-reactivity) of the One Step Influenza A Test, 27 commensal and pathogenic microorganisms (16 bacteria, and 11 viruses) that may be present in the nasal cavity were tested. All of the following microorganisms were negative when tested at concentrations ranging from 104 to 108 TCID50/ml (viruses), 107 to 108 organisms/ml (bacteria).
Bacteria | Viruses |
Bordetella pertussis | Adenovirus |
Chlamydia pneumoniae | Coronavirus |
Escherichia coli | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
Haemophilus influenzae | Human influenza type B virus |
Lactobacillus casei | Human influenza type C virus |
Moraxella catarrhalis | Mumps virus |
Neisseria meningitidis | Parainfluenza 1 |
Neisseria sicca | Parainfluenza 2 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Parainfluenza 3 |
Staphylococcus aureus | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
Staphylococcus epidermidis | Rhinovirus |
Streptococcus, Group A | |
Streptococcus, Group B | |
Streptococcus, Group C | |
Streptococcus, Group F | |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Precision
Within and between run precision was determined by using 10 replicates of one influenza A positive sample in 3 different lots of test devices. The negative and positive values were correctly identified 100% of the time.
Span Biotech Ltd. is a research based company for rapid tests, with strong support from National Key Laboratory of Technology Projects of 10th and 11th Five-Year Plan and Faculty of Life Sciences of HuBei University. SpanBio also housed a R&D team that is developing gene recombination, cell cultivation and protein purification techniques. SpanBio pays strict attention on rapid tests for human being, animal diseases and food safety detection. It provides a number of customized services to professional distributors and partnering affiliates with excellent quality, competitive prices and super service.
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Contact Person: Ms. Anna Lee
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